That's where Osama bin Laden met a number of other young radicals, who together formed the core of the al-Qaeda network. Soviet aggression shocked the Muslim world, galvanizing roughly 20,000 foreign fighters to help Afghans resist Soviet forces. And al-Qaeda's origin story begins with the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. You cannot understand ISIS without understanding al-Qaeda and the history they share, as well as the differences, there at the beginning, that would ultimately divide them. 1989–1999: The Soviet war in Afghanistan and the beginning of ISIS Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in Iraq. It is the story of one of the richest and most powerful terrorist organizations ever to exist - but it's also a story that reveals the ways in which ISIS has proven much weaker than you might think. Here, then, is a concise history of the rise of ISIS from its earliest origins to the present day. In the 16 years since, it has been shaped by - and has at moments helped to shape - the conflicts, physical and ideological, of the Middle East. The group began, in a very different form, in 1999. To understand the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria - why it exists, what it wants, and why it commits terrible violence of which the Paris attacks are only the latest - you need to understand the tangled story of how it came to be.
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